Identify and/or understand the following names, terms, theories, or concepts:
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Thinking
Geons and "impossible figures" Prototype theory of meaning Spreading activation Stroop effect and automatization Mental rotation and map image-scanning studies Change blindness Attentional blink Nature of expertise Algorithms and heuristics Representativeness heuristic Base-rate information Availability heuristic Overconfidence Confirmation bias Framing effects
Development
Epigenetic
landscape (Conrad Waddington) "Nature-nurture" problem Identical vs. fraternal twins Effects of drinking and smoking during pregnancy Capabilities of newborns Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal studies Cohort effects Schemas
(Piaget) Assimilation
Accommodation
Object
permanence and how it's measured Conservation of number, volume, mass Erikson's social development model (general concept, not specific stages) Key issues in adolescence, midlife and old age Temperament Effects of birth order Parenting styles and effects Major sex differences in cognition & behavior Relational
and physical aggression Continuous vs. stage theories Effects of cloth vs. wire "mothers" and determinants of attachment Stockholm syndrome Effects of abuse on attachment and resilience Effects of divorce on children
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Natural
Selection and Motivation Natural
selection Requirements
for natural selection:
Variability
Selection pressures
Inheritance mechanism Vestigial
structures and importance to Darwin Neoteny Personal
vs. inclusive fitness Kin
selection Vervet monkeys and calls Taxis Fixed
action patterns & releasing stimuli Imprinting
& critical (sensitive) periods Tryon
behavior-genetics study Research
on human imprinting Types of
mating systems Rationale
for sexual reproduction Advantage
of sexual reproduction Sexual
dimorphism Evolutionary
explanations of altruism Evolutionary
explanation of sex roles Sexual
selection Male
displays resulting from sexual selection "Female
choice"/mate guarding in mating Aspects of
human mating system Incitement
& flirting Kinsey
survey Gender
identity Intersexes Sexual
orientation and possible determinants James-Lange
theory of emotion Cognitive
(Schachter-Singer) theory of emotion "Positive
psychology" Effects of
wealth on well-being Effects of
crying How the
polygraph works Risk
factors for violent behavior\ Social Interaction Primacy
effects on social impressions Methods of
assessing prejudice Results of
Implicit Association Test Internal
vs. external attributions "Fundamental
attribution error" and culture Actor-observer
effects Self-serving
attributional bias Self-handicapping
strategies Factors
affecting persuasiveness of messages Salesmanship
techniques:
"Foot-in-the-door"
"Door-in-the-face"
"Bait-and-switch"
"That's-not-all" Cognitive
dissonance Factors
promoting friendship Biology
and physical attractiveness Characteristics
of successful marriages Asch's
conformity studies Diffusion
of responsibility Social
loafing Group
polarization Groupthink Basic
setup of Prisoner's Dilemma and use Milgram obedience study &
results Factors promoting obedience Kohlberg’s view of moral development
(general principle only) Problems
with Kohlberg’s view |
Personality
Structured
personality testing MMPI Type A
behavior pattern Cattell's personality research Projective
testing w/rationale Rorschach inkblot
procedure TAT Trait
theories - Eysenck, “Big Five” Situationism vs. trait
consistency Interactionism Psychodynamic personality theories Psychoanalysis Catharsis the Unconscious Oedipus complex
Stages of psychosexual development Components of personality (Ego, Id, Superego) Defense Mechanisms (know types) Overall evidence on validity Jung's collective unconscious and archetypes Adler and "social interest" Personality and criminal profiling
TA Sections Realistic
Conflict Theory and Robber’s Cave Study Effects of
group categorization (favoritism, homogeneity) When
contact can reduce prejudice Kinsey and
Klein scales of sexual orientation |